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Gillett &? Johnston ltd.

Croydon, England

ESTABLISHED 1844

By Royal Warrant to
H.M. King George V.

Church Bells
Carillons

Tower Clocks

Electric Clocks

Telephone : Telegrams :

THORNTON HEATH 1220, 1221 6? 2533 “GILLETT, PHONE CROYDON”

Cables : GILLETT, CROYDON

GILLETT IT JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON ENGLAND

Riverside Drive Church, New York City, NY .

The Bourdon Bell

Note

. c

Weight ...

I8j tons (40,880 lbs.)

Diameter ...

1 0-2 (122 inches.)

GILLETT IT JOHNSTON LTP ♦ CROYDON • ENGLAND

HEAVY ERECTING SHOP.

History of the Firm

R. WILLIAM GILLETT originally began work as a small ciockmaker in the village of
Hadlow, in Kent, where he received the patronage of the then Lord Sackville of
Knowle.

From there he migrated to Clerkenwell and he finally established the present business
on its existing site at Croydon in 1844.

Subsequently he was joined by Mr. Charles Bland, and the firm became known as Gillett &-
Bland.”

In 1877, when Mr. Arthur A. Johnston became a partner, the name of the firm was changed
to “Gillett &- Johnston,” as at present, and the business — which had hitherto been confined to
the manufacture of clocks — was further extended by the development of the Bell Foundry.

This branch of the business has made rapid strides since improved methods of manufacture were
introduced in the casting, tuning and hanging of bells.

GILLETT isf JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON ■ ENGLAND

History of the Firm — continued.

The result is apparent in the many important contracts
with which the firm has been entrusted during recent
years, for every part of the world — Riverside Drive
Church, New York (the largest carillon in the world);
Louvain Library, Belgium ; Ottawa Parliament Buildings ;
Wellington, N.Z. War Memorial; St. Jan's. Cathedral,
s'Hertogenbosch, Holland; Princeton University, N.J.;
Rochester Cathedral ; Manchester Cathedral; Wimborne
Minster; St. Peter’s Collegiate Church, Wolverhampton;
Carisbrooke Church, I.O. W. ; Watford Parish Church ; etc.

In the clock world, some famous recent examples of Gillett
&- Johnston
manufacture are
to be seen at the
Royal Exchange,

London; Ottawa Parliament Buildings; Montreal Harbour;

Bombay Harbour, etc., and the most powerful clock yet
made for Riverside Drive Church, New York.

At the death of Mr. Johnston in 1916, he was succeeded
by his son, Mr. Cyril F Johnston, who had been trained
for many years in the business but was serving in France
at that time, as an officer in the Grenadier Guards.

The Staff has
been gradually
increased to

cope with the ARTHUR A' JOHNSTON

continually growing business, the personnel now including
highly technical experts in the different branches of
manufacture.

Of the employees, a considerable proportion have served
for over 20 years, two of the men having worked 50 years
with the firm.

The Inspectors of Belfries are expert change^ringers, as
also are the belLhangers entrusted with the installation
of ringing peals.

Mr CYRIL F. JOHNSTON

The present output of the factory in one month, equals
that of a year's working seven years ago.

Their Majesties, the King and Queen, inspecting, at the Foundry, the Carillon of
53 bells for Park Avenue Baptist Church, New York; Tuesday, May / 2th, 1925

G— 5

■

jfnp

iV-

GILLETT ‘Gr5 JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON ENGLAND

Distinguished Visitors

The firm has been honoured from time to time by visits from many distinguished visitors,
including :

DATE

T.R.H. the Duke of Connaught and Princess Patricia (now

Lady Patricia Ramsay) ... ... ... ... 1918

H.R.H. the Princess Beatrice ... ... ... ... 1922 &- 1925

H R.H. the late Duchess of Albany ... ... ... 1922

His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury and Mrs.

Randall Davidson ... ... ... ... 1927

The Hon. W. Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada 1926

T.E. The American Ambassador and Mrs. Alanson Houghton 1925 6- 1927

T.E. The Belgian Ambassador and Baroness Moncheur ... 1926

T.E. The Belgian Ambassador and Baroness de Cartier de

Marchienne ... ... ... ... ... 1927

H.R.H. Princess Beatrice, H.R.H the late Duch ess of Albany , Lady May Cambridge and the late Lord
Frematon , on the occasion of the recasting of the Ring of eight bells for Carisbrooke Church , LOW.

V V V

G1LLETT Vr JOHNSTON LTD - CROYDON • ENGLAND

“ All England ” Ringers’ Meeting at Croydon, 1928

“TT/je Archbishop of Canterbury Ringing the Great Bell

N Saturday, March 3rd, 1928, 2,400 Ringers from all parts of England gathered at Croydon to
view the largest bell ever cast in England (18| tons), for Riverside Drive Church, New York.

The Archbishop of Canterbury and Mrs. Randall- Davidson, the Bishop of Guildford, Canon
G. F. Coleridge (President of the Central Council of Bell-Ringers), the Duke of Argyll, the
Mayor and Mayoress of Croydon, and Canon E. S. Woods, Vicar of Croydon, were present.

Amongst the visitors were 41 ringing clergymen and 71 lady ringers.

After the visit to the Works, ringing on peals in the Croydon Churches, and tea, the whole assembly —
representing 41 Diocesan Guilds and County Associations of Ringers — was addressed by His Grace the
Archbishop of Canterbury.

Subsequently a concert, which included hand-bell ringing items by famous ringers, concluded the greatest
Ringers' Meeting ever celebrated.

R-4

GILLETT Sir* JOHNSTON LTD - CROYDON ENGLAND

“All England” Ringers' Meeting at Croydon — ( continued )

Jlrrioing at the Foundry

“ Tea Time ”

■ "I i v ;

First English Bells

ELLS were introduced into England by Bishop Paulinus of Nola in Campana
about 400 A.D. H ence the word “campanology,” meaning the study or
use of bells. The first set of bells having consecutive notes was that
installed in Crowland Abbey about 900 A.D. They were seven in number.
The oldest dated bell in England — 1296— is at Claughton, Lancs.

Moulding in the Foundry.

MOULDING.

In order to cast a bell two moulds are required. The outer mould is formed in
an iron case, lined with loam; a strickle board (“sweep”) is fixed to an arm
which is supported by a central bar, and the “sweep” is rotated until it has shaped

G —2

the loam lining of the case into the form required for the exterior of the bell. The
inner mould, called the core, consists of a structure built up of bricks, tier upon
tier, coated with the same loam as that used in the case. This mould is formed
by the other strickle board in a similar manner. These are called the first, or
rough, coats, and the moulds are then placed in large ovens to be thoroughly
dried. This process may take two or three days in the case of a medium-sized
bell, and two or three weeks in the case of larger bells. The moulds are then
brought out and coated a second time with a finer mixture of loam, and then returned

The “Core” The "Case”

once more to the ovens to be dried. The next process is blacking the moulds and
sleeking the surfaces so that the castings may come out clean and smooth. It is
at this stage that inscriptions are stamped on the outer mould. The moulds are
now ready to be put together, that is, the case to be fitted exactly over the
core. This final operation is performed on the casting day, when the metal is
tapped from the furnace, and poured from a large cauldron into the respec¬
tive moulds of each bell. The casting of a ten ton bell can be accomplished
in about 10 minutes.

£3t

GILLETT JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON • ENGLAND

Bells ( continued )

After the requisite time for cooling has elapsed, the moulds are parted, the core
removed from the bell, which is then trimmed, sand-blasted and drilled — ready
for tuning.

Casting

‘ Drilling

METAL

Bell metal is composed of an amalgam of pure copper and tin in the right proportions.
Great care is taken nowadays to ensure that only the purest metal is used, and
that it is treated scientifically in the processes of preparation and melting.

G 3

GILLETT fcr JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON ENGLAND

The Wanamaker Bell

(Erected on Messrs. John Wanamaker’s Store in Philadelphia)

Weight ... ... ... ... 15 tons 11 cwts, (34,832 lbs.)

Diameter ... ... ... ... ... 114"

Note ... ... ... ... ... D

The bell is fixed on the roof of the Store, at a height of 300 feet.

A gigantic electrically operated clock strikes the hours, and accurate time
is broadcast daily.

Inscription :

THE FOUNDER’S BELL.

“ Let those who follow me continue
To build with the plumb of Honor, the
Level of Truth and the Square of
Integrity, Education, Courtesy and Mutuality."

QXhe entire installation, including the bells, framework ar,d clock mechanism, was manufactured at Croydon
by (fillett & Johnston.

GILLETT tr JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON ■ ENGLAND

Tuning

17he Largest Tuning 7% Machine in the World.

17 he Bell revoloes and the metal is pared away from the inside.

OR two centuries the tuning of the harmonics in a bell was a lost art — the ordinary method
being to treat the bell as a single note whereas it has at least five notes that should be in tune with
one another — the strike^note, the nominal (octave above the strike -note), the hum (octave below),
- the tierce (third) and quint (fifth).

G— 7

Jl Hemony Bell
‘ Bated / 664

FALSE

TRUE

Nominal
Quint
T ierce
Strike-note

The two chords shown here give, in the one case, the tones of the
average bell, which is false, and in the other those of a bell in tune
with itself.

The Hemonys of Amsterdam, 1644-1684, were the most successful
exponents of harmonical tuning before the present day, and they
were followed by two Belgian firms, Dumery and the Van den
Gheyns. Apart from these Dutch and Belgian masters, this higher
method of tuning was not practised in any country and their
knowledge was apparently lost with them — to be revived and
improved upon in England during the last 25 years.

The incomparable improvement in tone that
this brought about is due in great measure to
the efforts of the late Canon Simpson, of Fittle-
worth, in Sussex. The Canon devoted the best
part of his life to the study of bell tones and
was insistent in his denunciation of existing
methods and in a demand for better and more
musical bells.

After a quarter of a century’s continual practice
in the dissection of bell tones and the applica¬
tion of improved methods and machinery, it is
now possible to tune an extensive range of bells,
exceeding five chromatic octaves, from 20-ton
Bourdons up to little trebles weighing a few
pounds, more accurately than the famous
Hemonys did three hundred years ago.

That every bell should be accurately in tune
with itself as well as with the other bells as a
whole is an absolute necessity for Carillon work,
but the benefit is almost as apparent in Ringing
Peals and Single Bells, and the purity of tone
resulting from three tones in octave with a true
third and fifth has caused many an unmusical
peal to be sent to the Foundry for re-casting
and tuning on better lines.

Of ell after Tuning

GILLETT isf JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON ENGLAND

Re-casting.

HEN it is possible to correct to a reasonable extent the harmonics of each bell in an
old peal, whilst putting the peal into tune as a whole, this is done with the utmost
care.

In each case, where it is found that the harmonics of an individual bell are too false
for appreciable correction, or that it would be unwise to interfere with it unduly, it is the
Firm’s practice to point this out to the authorities.

If there are no historical or sentimental reasons against recasting, this is then the only
remedy, if funds permit.

On the other hand a bell that is really bad, but worthy of retention in its present form
owing to antiquity, can be preserved in the Church, whilst a new one takes its place in
the peal.

TJhe Recast Ring of Ten for Rochester Cathedral.

G— II

vv^

G1LLETT Vr’ JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON ENGLAND

rrp:

St. Mary’s Cathedral,
Halifax N.S.

The eleven Bells in this tower were acC
nowledged to be discordant and also badly
out of tune.

They were sent to the Croydon Foundry,
where they were recast and returned
to Halifax— a correctly tuned and musical
chime.

GILLETT JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON • ENGLAND

A General Description of the Carillon

HE word "Carillon” is derived from the Latin " quadrilionem,” which was applied to sets
of four bells that were erected in the towers of Northern France and the Low Countries
centuries ago.

The number of bells in a tower was increased from time to time and the word "Carillon”
remained until it came to mean a set of bells of the finest musical quality and tuning, advancing by semi¬
tones in the chromatic scale : it contains at least two octaves of bells, that is a minimum of twenty-three
when the first two semi-tones are omitted ; its average range is three octaves, or about thirty-five bells,
and it attains a maximum compass of over five and a half octaves, or seventy-two bells.

It is usually operated by a Clavier, the arrangement of which is identical with the console of
an organ, except that light wooden levers take the place of the ivory keys. These levers are attached
by means of wires and cranks to the clappers, which strike the bell on the inside surface at a point near
its largest diameter; the travel of the clapper is about one inch, which is sufficient to bring out the full
volume of sound required for Carillon playing, while still allowing the delicate touch necessary to enable
a single operator to manipulate so many bells.

Pedals are attached to the levers connected with the heavier bells, so that these can be played by
foot or by hand; this enables the player to strike them more forcibly than would be possible with the
hand levers, and it also allows him to execute the more intricate passages of music by leaving his hands
free for the rapid manipulation of the levers connected to the smaller bells, playing the bass accompaniment
with his feet.

For a larger Church or for the tower
of a Cathedral, University, City Hall
or Government Building, it is usual to
have a carillon of greater range and
heavier calibre, and for this it is desir¬
able that a Carillonneur, or Bell Organist,
be appointed ; that is a man with musical
ability and training who would be able
to devote a definite amount of time to
mastering the key-board and studying
the capabilities of the instrument. Clavier for Louvain Library Carillon

This instrument, in the case of the smaller or two-octave Carillons, can be operated by anyone having
an ear for music, and able to play on the piano. Beginning with simple airs and tunes, proficiency is
rapidly attained and, with practice, more elaborate pieces with variations can be rendered effectively,
the scope being only limited by the
number of bells. Such a Carillon is ad¬
mirably suited to the requirements of a
church of average size, as the two oc¬
tave range, practically that of the human
voice, ensures that any hymn tune, song
or well known air, can be played.

GILLETT irf JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON ENGLAND

Carillons in hand and

recently completed

Si Jans Cathedral,
s’Hertogenbosch, Holland

Breda , Holland

St. Joseph’s Church,
Tilburg, Holland

U.S.A.

New York, Riverside Church
Chicago University

Philadelphia, Messrs. John Wanamaker
Princeton University, N.J.

Cohasset, Mass., St. Stephen's Church
Norwood, Mass.

Rochester, Mayo Clinic ...

Mercersburg Academy, Penn.

Chicago, St. Chrysostom's Church
Cincinnati Ohio

Plainfield, N.J., Grace Church ...

Detroit, Jefferson Avenue Presbyterian Church
Nashville, Tennessee, Ward Belmont College

CANADA

Ottawa Parliament Buildings, Victory Tower

Toronto, Metropolitan Methodist Church ...

Toronto University

Guelph, Ont. , St. George's Church

Simcoe, Ont., Norfolk Soldiers’ Memorial ...

BELGIUM

Louvain Library

HOLLAND

Enschede

s' Hertogenbosch, St. Jans Cathedral
Tilburg, St. Joseph’s Church
Almelo, R C. Church
Sneek ...

Barneveld
Hilvarenbeek
Breda ...

Oldenzaal

PALESTINE

Jerusalem

NEW ZEALAND

Wellington War Memorial

SCOTLAND

Dumbarton, St. Patrick’s Church ...

ENGLAND

London, Bond Street (Messrs. Atkinsons)
London, Oxford Street ...

Number Weight of Heaviest

of Bells Bell in Carillon

Tons

Cwts.

Qrs.

Lbs.

Lbs

40,880

38,080

—

35,600

12,880

1 1.200

7.840

7,616

7,168

5,376

4,480

2,296

2 296

—

1,456

22,400

8,400

7,840

—

1,652

—

1,652

15,680

5,432

3,696

2,464

—

2,016

—

616

—

560

—

392

5.600

3,220

1 8

3,136

5 10

12,320

— 17

1.904

23 - 13 0 0 1.456

32 — 6 3 0 756

jILLETT tr JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON • EN GLAND

QxrXij/

Weights & Notes of Bells for Carillons & Chimes

No.

Note.

Weight

lbs.

No.

Note.

Weight

lbs.

Cwts.

qrs.

lbs.

T ons

cwts.

qrs.

lbs.

196

Gjf

224

259

343

1 H

406

483

518

560

Cff

588

672

12i

812

12i

124

896

1120

Gjf

1372

1624

1904

2240

2800

3192

3808

4760

5432

6608

7840

9296

Dft

11200

105

12880

C i

119

15680

126

18480

147

22400

168

C— 16

GILLETT fcr JOHNSTON LTD - CROYDON ■ EN GLAND

The University Library of Louvain

THE BOURDON BELL

WEIGHT 7 TONS (15,680 Lbs.)

GILLETT Isr* JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON • ENGLAND

Weights of Carillons

23 Bells (Two Chromatic Octaves — omitting the two lowest Semitones).

BOURDON

Total Weight

* Total Weight of Bells,

Minimum Span

Minimum Height

of Bells

Frame and Fittings

of Belfry

Note

Dia.

Weight

Cwts.

Lbs.

Cwts.

Lbs.

Feet

Cwts.

Lbs.

1120

6608

122

13664

42"

1624

8848

174

19488

1 1

47"

2210

116

12992

218

24416

50"

2800

125

14000

241

26992

56"

3808

172

19264

304

34048

Cjf

60"

4760

203

22736

345

38640

63"

5432

239

26768

406

45472

67"

6608

284|

31864

489

54768

71"

7840

335

37520

573

64176

35 Bells (Three Chromatic Octaves— omitting the two lowest Semitones).

BOURDON

T otal
of

Weight

Bells

Total Weight of Bells,
Frame and Fittings

Minimum Span
of Belfry

Minimum Height
of Belfry

Note

Dia

w«

sight

Cwts.

Lbs.

Cwts.

Lbs.

Feet

Cwts.

Lbs.

Cff

60"

42. t

4760

209

23408

361

40432

63"

48^

5432

245

27440

423

47376

67"

6608

292

32704

504

56448

71"

7840

343

38416

591

66192

75"

9296

409

45808

681

76272

80"

100

11200

485

54320

808

90496

84"

115

12880

572

64064

47 Bells (Four Chromatic Octaves— omitting the two lowest Semitones).

BOURDON

T otal Weight
of Bells

Total Weight of Bells,
Frame and Fittings

Minimum Span
of Belfry

Minimum Height
of Belfry

Note

Dia.

Weight

Cwts. 1 Lbs.

Cwts.

Lbs.

Feet

Cwts.

Lbs.

75"

9296

411 46032

709

79408

G1t

80"

100

11200

487 54544

840

94080

84"

115

12880

574 64288

89"

140

15680

686 76832

'"The combined weights of the Bells, Frame, and Fittings, as shown above, give the total load to be
supported in the Belfry; the weights of the clavier and any operating mechanism supplied vary with
each installation but are negligible as far as the strength of the tower is concerned.

The figures given for the span and height of the Belfry are the minimum for a standard layout; any
extra space that can be allowed is advantageous as providing more room for access and inspection, but
on the other hand the arrangement of the bells can be specially planned to suit smaller spaces where
necessary.

C— 30

GILLETT VT JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON ■ ENGLAND

TT<

Weights of Chimes

Eight Bells.

BASS

BELL

Total Weight

# Total Weight of Bells

Minimum Span

Minimum Height

Bells

Frame and Fittings

of Beifry

of Belfry

Note

Dia.

Weight

Cwts.

Lbs,

Cwts.

Lbs.

Feet

Cwts.

Lbs.

3ir

672

251

2856

5824

374"

1120

4312

8624

42"

14-1

1624

521

5880

103

11536

1 1

47"

2240

8064

137

15344

50"

2800

9632

162

18144

56"

3808

118

13216

219

24528

63"

5432

165

18480

301

33712

Ten Bells, Diatonic. (Example: — C DEFGABCD E).

31 j"

672

3024

6272

374"

1120

4592

9184

42"

144

1624

554

6216

109

12208

47"

2240

754

8456

145

16240

50"

2800

10192

171

19152

56"

3808

126

14112

232

25984

63"

484

5432

175

19600

317

35504

Fourteen Bells.

(1 xample : —

C D E

F F* G

! A Af B C D E F G).

3 74

1120

5600

11088

42"

144

1624

7504

130

14560

47"

2240

10080

173

19376

50"

2800

107

11984

202

22624

56"

3808

148

16576

274

30688

63"

484

5432

206

23072

374

41888

The combined weights of the Bells, Frame, and Fittings, as shown above, give the total load to be
supported in the Belfry; the weights of the clavier and any operating mechanism supplied vary with
each installation but are negligible as far as the strength of the tower is concerned.

The figures given for the span and height of the Belfry are the minimum fora standard layout; any
extra space that can be allowed is advantageous as providing more room for access and inspection, but
on the other hand the arrangement of bells can be specially planned to suit the smaller spaces where
necessary.

Upper Framework . Ottawa Parliament Buildings

Steel Framework for Carillons

rE hang our carillon bells in self-contained steel cages requiring only two main
girders spanning the tower to support the four upright corner posts.

The mass of bells and framework constitutes a dead load, and no vibration or
oscillation is imparted to the walls of the tower.

The rollers and cranks operating the clappers are on one side of the frame, allowing
for easy access for oiling pivots, adjusting wires, etc.

All bells but the smallest are provided with individual steel supporting beams placed in line with
the blow of the clapper, to eliminate the tendency of the bell to swing when struck rapidly.

Cujf,

C— 6

JOHNSTON (The Croydon Be

HI CROYDON, ENGLAND

□m

Sl. Stephen’s Church,
Cohasset , Mass.

Grace Church,
Plainfield, N.J.

Mayo Clinic,
Rochester , Minn.

Municipal Buildings,
Norwood, Mass.

St. Qeorge’s Church,
Guelph, Ont.

Metropolitan Church,
Toronto.

Ward Belmont School,
Nashville, Tenn.

GILLETT l*r JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd

CROYDON, ENGLAND

'—r

N? :■

Electro-Pneumatic Operation of Carillons

Fig. I . Power Plant

[ECHANICAL Operation of
the carillon is an advantage
where the services of a skilled
carillonneur to play on the
hand clavier are not always ob¬
tainable. Mechanical playing, though
crisp and accurate, and bringing out a
full volume of sound from each bell,
does not lend itself to expression and
modulation of tone. It is, however, of
great value as an addition to the
carillon ; the ivory keyboard is easy
to play on and it does not require
the skilled manipulation of the
clavier leavers, while the automatic

paper - band player needs no skill

whatever, being started by push

button or clockwork release. The

mechanical action can also be ad¬
justed, if required, to give blows of
greater carrying power than those

obtainable by hand.

Assisted by experience extending over
fifty years in the manufacture of
automatic machines for playing caril¬
lons, we have evolved and patented
a system of electro - pneumatic

Fig. 2. Pistons (Small)

{Hint » J0HN5*W»
CSllVOOM fcNCLAND

CUOT i JOH*»T0*
CHO«K» (NQlttO

operation which meets all modern
requirements, and which is suitable to
the severe climatic conditions usual
in belfry towers.

Compressed air at low pressure, acting
on pistons, is used to give the actual
blow, and low voltage direct current
to provide the connections between
the keyboard, or automatic player
Fig. 3. Pistons (Large) and the air valves of the pistons. No

special or delicate mechanism is involved and there is no risk of the attendant receiving an electric
shock, while highly skilled supervision is not necessary.

£^l

calotte O-rA ’

C— 3

GILLETT <cr JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd )

CROYDON, ENGLAND . ~

The Power Plant, Fig. 1, usually placed in the
clavier chamber, consists of a cast iron [base plate
on which is mounted a standard motor, wound to
suit the local electric supply; a generator, producing
direct current at 25 volts; an air cooled compressor,

, delivering air at 25 lbs. per square inch, and the firm's
j Remote Control unit for starting and stopping. The
pistons and cylinders are arranged in gangs and are
J proportioned to the size of the bells operated; Fig. 2

Fig. 4. Ivory Keyboard sH°WS a 8rOUP °f tHe Smaller S‘ZeS and FiS' 3 a

group of the larger sizes. Each piston has an air valve

operated by an enclosed solenoid, these latter being interchangeable and secured by bayonet'joint
fastenings. The cylinders are mounted on air receiver bases and the complete units are placed in the
room immediately under the belfry and are attached, by means of a series of standard rollers and
cranks, to special clappers striking on the opposite side of the bell to the
clappers attached to the clavier. In this way it is possible to obtain the best
results from both methods of operation, the mechanically operated clappers
being adjusted to give full blows of good carrying power and the clavier
clappers adjusted to suit the more delicate manipulation by the carillonneur.

Fig. 4 shows a standard ivory key^
board ; this has practically the same
touch as an organ, and on a key
being depressed the 25 volt circuit
is closed and operates the solenoid
on the corresponding piston and
cylinder. The keyboard can be
fixed at any distance from the
tower. The automatic player.
Fig. 6, has interchangeable paper
bands perforated by the firm's
special machinery in accordance
with the music desired. It can be
started either by push button or by
the 8--day timepiece, Fig. 5.

Fig. 5. Clock

As a typical example of one of
these installations, the carillon of
23 bells at the Mayo Clinic,

Rochester, Minnesota, is equipped
with a clavier for special recitals,
an automatic paper band player started by clockwork three
times a day, and an ivory keyboard to enable any local musician
to play special airs on the bells in the absence of a skilled
carillonneur.

Ml As the whole of this mechanism has been designed and patented
' by Gillett & Johnston, and is manufactured by them at Croydon,
they are in the position to undertake undivided responsibility
for the complete equipment of a carillon tower.

Fig. 6. Automalic Player

GILLETT fcr JOHNSTON ( Ihe Croijdon Bell Foundru Ltd

CROYDON, ENGLAND

Carillons.

Arrangement of the Bells and
Operating Mechanism
in the Tower

General Requirements.

Maximum possible height of belfry from the ground.

Maximum possible area of openings in the sides of the
belfry for sound distribution.

The openings to extend for as great a distance as possible
above the bells.

Louvres can be built into the openings for architectural
reasons but the bells are heard better without them.

Traps should be arranged in each floor down to the
ground for hoisting ; this reduces both the cost of
erection and the cost of adding extra and heavier bells
in the future.

A beam for hoisting is required at the top of the upper
belfry.

The operating room, with 12 ft. headroom, must be
immediately below the upper belfry floor.

Carillons in which the Bourdon or heaviest bell does not
weigh more than 9296 lbs. (4 tons 3 cwts. note A, 75"
diameter) are usually placed in a single chamber such
as the upper belfry illustrated, and are played from the
operating room below. The clavier must be as near
the upper bellframe as possible, as short wire con^
nections improve the touch on the keys.

When there are still heavier bells in the carillon these
can be arranged to advantage in a lower belfry as shown,
supported in framework designed to suit the greater
weight of metal.

When a swinging Bourdon is required this should be
placed by itself in the centre of a chamber immediately
below the lower belfry.

^£3

C — 25

GILLETT fcr JOHN STON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd )

CROYDON. ENGLAND

Arrangement of Carillons (continued)

GILLETT Er JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd )

CROYDON. ENGLAND

^Sl

Architects : Messrs. Henry C. Pelton & Allen & Collens

Riverside Drive Church, New York City, N.Y.

(The Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Carillon)

No. of Bells

Weight of Bourdon (Note C)

Diameter of Bourdon
Total weight of Bells
Height of Tower ...

CLOCK: Quarter Chimes on ten bells. Hours Struck on Bourdon.

181 tons (40,880 lbs.
122 inches
102 tons
387 feet

Q THE LARG EST C ARILLON AND CLOCK IN THE WORLD : the entire installation, including electro- pneumatic
^ operating mechanism on the larger bells, was manufactured at Croydon, by Gillett & Johnston.

^3%

C— 5

GILLETT hr JOHNSTON ( The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd )

CROYDON, ENGLAND

Architects : Messrs. Smith, Hinchman & Grylls

Jefferson Avenue Presbyterian Church, Detroit

No. of Bells ... ... ... 23

Weight of Bourdon (Note E) ... ... 20i cwts. (2,296 lbs.)

Total Weight of Bells ... ... 5 tons 8 cwts. (12,096 lbs.)

Operated by Clavier.

Inscription on Bourdon :

“Th is Chime of Bells was presented to the
Jefferson Avenue Presbyterian Church, Detroit,
In loving memory of Henry Russel,
by his wife, Eleanor T. Russel, A.D. 1924.”

Q^he entire installation, including the bells, steel framework and operating gear, was manufactured
at Croydon by Gillett & Johnston.

GILLETT isf JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON • ENGLAND

V* VP

T^*1 1 ’ V

Upper Section of the Carillon showing the Bells in the Frame

Wellington (N.Z.)

War Memorial Carillon

No. of Bells in Carillon ... ... 49

Weight of Bourdon ... ... 5 tons ( I 1 ,200 lbs.)

Total Weight of Bells ... ... 3 I \ tons (70,560 lbs.)

Operated by Clavier, also by the Firm’s patented Electro-pneumatic mechanism, including ivory key¬
board for remote control, and Paper Band Automatic Player, the latter started as required by a

Master Timepiece.

Qj The entire installation, including the bells, steel framework, electro-pneumatic operating mechanism and the
clock, mechanism was manufactured at Croydon by Gillett & Johnston.

X GILLETT is? JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON ENGLAND

Architects : Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue Associates, New York, U.S.A.

The University of Chicago

The Chapel

No. of Bells ... ... ... 64

Weight of Bourdon (Note C#) ... I 7 tons (38,080 lbs.)

Total Weight of Bells ... ... 92 tons (206,080 lbs.)

Five Bells are hung to swing, Low C$, F$, G$, A# and C$.

The largest sixteen bells have Electro-pneumatic Assistance.

The Hours are struck on the Bourdon, and the Quarters are chimed on ten bells, diatonic scale,
Low F£ to A£.

{Contract for the complete installation placed with Gillett & Johnston, March, 1929.)

C-40

f t GILLETT lrr> JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON • EN GLAND 0K!®

_ _ _ — - -

. . . .

Ottawa

Parliament Buildings

Victory Tower

Dedicated July, 1927

CARILLON :

No. of Bells .

Weight of Bourdon (note E)
Total Weight of Bells
Diameter of Bourdon
Height of Tower .

10 tons (22,400 lbs.)
53 tons (I I 8,720 lbs.)
1 00 inches
280 feet

CLOCK :

"Westminster” Quarters on four bells.
Hours struck on Bourdon.

DIALS :

Four, each 15 feet 9 inches diameter, electrically
operated.

Inscriptions on Bourdon Bell :

"This Carillon was installed by authority of Parliament,
to commemorate the Peace of 19 19 and to keep in
remembrance the service and sacrifice of Canada in the

Great War

Anno Domini MCMXXVI.

Glory to God in the Highest
And on earth peace
Good will toward men

St. Luke’s Gospel, chapter ii, verse 14 *’

" Ce Carillon a ete installe par ordre du Parlement
pour commemorer la Paix de 19 19 et perpetuer le
souvenir des sacrifices du Canada et des exploits de
ses fils pendant la Grande Guerre

Anno Domini MCMXXVI.

Gloire a Dieu au plus haut des Cieux
Et paix sur la terre
Aux hommes de bonne volonte

Evangile selon saint Luc, chapitre ii, verset 14.*’

Q The entire installation, including the bells, ■ steel
framework, electro-pneumatic operating mechanism,
and the clock mechanism were manufactured at
Croydon by Gillett & Johnston.

f!r

GILLETT tT JOHNSTON LTD - CROYDON ENGLAND

T7>V(TT

Architects : Ellerbe & Company, Saint Paul, Minn.

Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., U.S.A.

Dedicated September, 1 928

No. of Bells in Carillon ... ... ... ... 23

Weight of Bourdon (Note A) . 3 tons 8 cwts. (76,161 lbs.)

Total Weight of Bells . 17 tons (38,080 lbs.)

Operated by Clavier, and also by the firm’s patented electro-pneumatic mechanism, including ivory
keyboard and paper band automatic player, the latter started as required by a master timepiece. '

Inscription on Bourdon Bell:

“ Dedicated to the American Soldier
by William J. and Charles H. Mayo.”

(J The entire installation, including the hells, steel framework, electro-pneumatic operating mechanism and the clock
' mechanism was manufactured at Croydon by Gillett & Johnston.

GILLETT fjr JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry

CROYDON, ENGLAND

Architect : Ralph Adams Cram

Princeton University, N.J , U.S.A.

Cleveland Tower

No. of Bells in Carillon
Weight of Bourdon (Note G)
Diameter of Bourdon
Total Weight of Bells

5f tons (12,880 lbs. I
84 inches

30 tons (67,200 lbs.)

Operated by Clavier, and by electro-pneumatic mechanism controlled by a paper band automatic
player, the latter released by clockwork.

Inscription on Bourdon :

" Dei Sub Numine Viget
Presented to Princeton University
with love and gratitude
by the Class of 1892
June, 1927."

TThe entire installation, including the bells , steel framework, electro-pneumatic operating
mechanism and the clock mechanism was manufactured at Croydon by Gillett & Johnston.

C— 4

GILLETT 1st JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd )

CROYDON, ENGLAND

El7

Architect : Ralph Adams Cram

The Chapel, Mercersburg Academy, Pa., U.S.A,

No. of Bells ... ... ... ... ... 43

Weight of Bourdon (Note A sharp) .. ... ... 3j tons (7,280 lbs.)

Operated by Clavier. The steel framework is arranged with spaces for four extra bells, the future Bourdon to weigh 5| tons (12880 lbs).

Inscription on Bourdon :

" ROLAND
To the Glory of God,

This Carillon is the Gift of Henry Bucher Swoope, Class of 1900, and his Family,”

(T c C/ie entire installation, including the bells, steel framework and operating mechanism was manufactuied
at Croydon by Gillett & Johnston.

i GILLETT ir JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd.)

1^1 CROYDON. ENGLAND

jlrchilect : Ralph jldams Cram

St. Stephen’s Church,

Cohasset, Mass.

No. of Bells in Carillon
Weight of Bourdon (Note G)

Diameter of Bourdon
Total Weight of Bells ...

Operated by Clavier.

5 tons (1 1,200 lbs.)

8 1 inches

28j tons (63,840 lbs.)

Inscription on Bourdon :

"To the Glory of God and in Loving Memory of
Jessie M. Barron, 1851 — 1918

O Ye spirits and souls of the righteous, bless ye the Lord;
praise Him and magnify Him forever.”

C- 12

GILLETT £ir JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd

ROYDON, ENGLAND ITT^y — " -

- -

St. Stephen’s Church, Cohasset, Mass. — ( continued )

thousands of people come from all parts of Jlmerica to listen

to the Carillon Recitals at Cohasset

* I HE Carillon (originally 23 bells) was donated by Mrs. Hugh Bancroft, in memory
ip of her mother, Jessie M. Barron (Mrs. Clarence W.), and was dedicated in
C ■) September, 1924.

In 1925, Mrs. Bancroft added 20 bells, and in 1928 eight more were installed. The
Carillon of 51 bells is now one of the largest in the world. The Reverend Charles C,
Wilson, Rector of St. Stephen's Church, says:

“ F is difficult to over-estimate the value of this memorial to Cohasset. the church
and community . The Carillon is a perfect memorial.”

GILLETT fcr JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON • ENGLAND

Architects : Sproatt & Rolph, Toronto.

Toronto University

Alumni Memorial Carillon

No. of Bells ... ... ... 23

Weight of Bourdon (Note A£) ... ... ... 3j tons (7,840 lbs.)

Operation by Clavier

Dedicated : October, 1927.

cUhe clock h as tu)o bronze dials 13' 0" diameter and strikes
c Che entire installation, including the bells, steel framework
manufactured at Croydon by Gillett & Johnston.

the hours on the Bourdon Bell,
and the clock and dials , Was

C 21

GILLETT JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON ENGLAND

Mariemont, Ohio

The Mary M. Emery Memorial Carillon

Architects : Stanley Matthews, Chas. W, Short.

No. of Bells ... ... ... 23

Weight of Bourdon 424 cwts. (4,760 lbs.)
Note ,, ,, ... ... Cff

Operation by Clavier

Inscription on Bourdon :
Dedicated to the Youth of Mariemont
in Memory of its Founder, my beloved
Sister, Mary Muhlenberg Emery,
A.D. 1929
Isabella F. Hopkins.

Dedicated Nov. 16th, 1929, by the
Rev. Boyd Vincent and the
Rev. Frank H. Nelson.

The Tower has a Bedford Stone facing on a skeleton of re -unforced concrete and rises 96 feet from
the ground from a small enclosing terrace. The Vestibule is lined with the same stone as the
interior and leads into two of the corner bastions, one containing an electric elevator to the clavier
room, the other a circular staircase to the observation platform on the top, which is guarded by a
solid high parapet wall.

The bells are open to the weather and can be seen through the stonework tracery of the belfry.

The tower has been purposely placed in a setting of trees so that it may be seen to the best
advantage in glimpses through a screen of foliage or backed by the dense green of the trees in
Dogwood Park.

The Carillon was manufactured and the Tower built under the direction of Mr. Chas. J. Livingood.

1^3

GILLETT Lr JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry

CROYDON, ENGLAND

Ltd )

Simcoe, Ont., Canada

The Norfolk Soldiers' War Memorial Carillon,
Erected 1924.

No of Bells ... ••• 23

Weight of Bourdon (note F) 14 cwts. (1,568 lbs.)

Carillon operated by clavier and by electro--
pneumatic paper band player.

Westminster Quarter Clock with four 7 0'
diameter dials.

This Carillon, with the automatic playing
mechanism, was exhibited throughout the
Summer of 1924 at the British Empire Exhibit
tion, Wembley.

Grace Church,
Plainfield, N.J., U.S.A.

The Carillon of 23 bells, the gift of Dr. Albert
Pittis, was placed in the tower in 1923.

The Bourdon (Note E), 48" diameter, weighs
20^ cwts. (2,296 lbs.)

Operated by clavier.

c-n

GILLETT tr JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd )

CROYDON. ENGLAND

JEST

yl rchitects : Pugin & Pugin , Liverpool

Inscription on Bourdon Bell of Carillon :

St. Patrick’s Church,
Dumbarton (Scotland)

‘ Dedicated December, 1928.

No. of Bells in Carillon 23

Weight of Bourdon (note Fiff 17 cwts. (1904 lbs.)

Clock : " Ting Tang " Quarters and Hours.

An extra bell, weighing 19f cwts. (2,214 lbs.)
(note F), is built into the Carillon framework
and arranged to swing.

Inscription on Ringing Bell :

D.O.M.

Ad honorem S. Patricii Hibernae Apost. Tit,
hujus Ecclesiae qui in hac Regione primo lucem

videbat

Feliciter Regnante Pic PP. XI.

Procurante Revmo. Dom, Hugone Canonico Kelly
Hanc Campanum

lllmus. and Revmus. Dom. Dom. Donaldus
Mackintosh

Archiepiscopus Glasguensis

Benedixit et Consecravit

Die 17 Memsis Martii M.C.M. XXVII.

Et Verbum Caro Factum Est

Ad Honorem Beatae Virginis Mariae
Tota Pulchra es Maria
Et Macula Originalis
Non Est In Te

Ex Campanis Ecclesiae S. Patricii Dumbarton

( On either side of the above are the Papal jdrms
and the {Fjishop’s jdrms).

( On reverse side

Laudo Deum Verum, Plebum voco, Congrego

Clerum

Defunctus ploro, nubem fugo, Festa decoro.

C|[ 7 he entire installation , including the bells, steel framework and operating mechanism. Was manu-
' factured at Croydon by Gillett and Johnston.

% GILLETT iir JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd )

" — ~ i^\ CROYDON, ENGLAND - ~

£? 7he Bell Turret Illuminated Architect : E. Vincent Harris

Messrs. Atkinson, Ltd., Bond Street, London

HE Fleche of this building contains a small but very musical Carillon of 23 bells, the
Bourdon, note Gtf, weighing 1,456 lbs. (13 cwts.), the total weight of bells being 3 tons,
5^ cwts. (7.280 lbs.).

Operation is by clavier for special recitals by a skilled carillonneur and daily by auto-
matic tune playing mechanism.

The paper band machine, controlling the tunes, is placed in the basement of the building and
as the bands are easily changed a varied programme of music is possible.

Some of the special bands in use are perforated to play the quarter chimes on ten bells, strike
the hour, and end with an air such as Mendelssohn's " Spring Song.”

Q'TT/ie entire installation — bells, steel framework and operating mechanism — was manufactured at
Croydon by Qillett & Johnston.

122

C— 20

GILLETT isr JOHNSTON (The Crogdon Bell Fouadru Ltd.)

~ " CROYDON, ENGLAND =

ylrchitect : William G. Upham

Norwood War Memorial Tower, Mass., U.S.A.

No. of Bells ... ... ... ... 50

Weight of Bourdon (Note Ajf,) ... ... 3j tons (7280 lbs.)

Total Weight of Bells ... ... ... 18$ tons (41,440 lbs.)

Inscription on Bourdon.

This Carillon is Dedicated to Good Citizenship and commemorates the Service and Sacrifice of the
Citizens of lAforivood in the cause of Justice, Liberty and Truth 1115 — 1917

Presented to the Town of Norwood by Walter F. Tilton, 1927

Glory to God in the Highest, and on Earth Peace,

Good W i 1 1 Toward Men.

GILLETT fcr JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundrij Ltd.)

CROYDON. ENGLAND

North East Coast Exhibition, 1929
N e wcastle-on-Ty ne

The Wellington War Memorial Carillon, loaned by the Dominion Government of New Zealand for six
months prior to shipment, was inaugurated on May Mth, by H.R.H.the Prince of Wales, in the presence
of Sir James Parr, K C.M.G., High Commissioner for New Zealand ; the Lord Mayor of Newcastle
(Councillor A. W. Lambert) and the Lady Mayoress; the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland and
Lord and Lady Londonderry.

Extract from the ‘ Newcastle Evening Chronicle,” May 20th, 1929

"In its long history the wide open space which is the Newcastle Town Moor has witnessed some
astonishing scenes, but it is questionable whether it has ever realised so impressive a demonstration of
general public interest and enthusiasm in one subject as was indicated yesterday in the wonderful
Carillon.

" All day long in the brilliant sunshine the great open space was a panorama of moving crowds; crowds
that streamed in from all entrances to the great playground to cover almost every available inch of ground

ran ' 1 '■m

c- -22

sfc

GILLETT fjr JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd.)

CROYDON, ENGLAND

Part of the audience of 1 00,000 peopl
Carillon on Sunday, May

e on the Town Moor. Newcastle-on-Tyne, who listened to the Wellington
1 9th. On the following Sunday the audience was estimated at 200,000.

War Memorial

“ near the North side of the Exhibition and to form one of the biggest multitudes that have ever gathered on
the spot.

"Truly it was an amazing spectacle. Crowds of people, moving along every road and from every
direction, converged upon the spacious Moor. They walked, or they came by bicycle, by bus and by
tram, or in their own motor-cars to hear one of the world's most entrancing peals of bells played by an
acknowledged master.

" Mr. Ball, the Carillonneur, gave three recitals yesterday — morning, afternoon and evening,

" The Carillon has thrilled not only the city and the immediate district, but has gone quivering throughout
all parts of the North-country.

"The amazing crowd of yesterday was not totally constituted by the tens of thousands who strolled from
the city and suburbs; included in it there were thousands of people who, fired with the wonderful stories
of the fascination of the bells, had travelled from some of the remotest parts of the North.

"The silvery notes of the bells were heard in ideal conditions, and as they floated out across the wide
expanse of the Town Moor they struck a chord in the hearts of every one of the huge crowd.

"The sight of the tremendous open-air congregation, so deeply attentive and at times profoundly stirred,
was one that will live in the memory of all who were present."

The complete Carillon contains 49 bells, the heaviest weighing 5 tons (11,200 lbs.) and it is operated
by a clavier and also by the firm’s patented electro-pneumatic mechanism including ivorv keyboard for
remote control and paper band Automatic Player, the latter started as required from a master
timepiece.

GILLETT tr JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd

~ CROYDON, ENGLAND

JJrchitects : Warren & Wetmore, New York, U.S.yl.

The University Library of Louvain

No. of Bells in Carillon
Weight of Bourdon (Note Fi)...
Diameter of Bourdon
Total Weight of Bells

7 tons (15,680 lbs.)

89"

31 tons 5 cwts. (70,000 lbs.)

The Dedication of the Library, Carillon and Clock took place on July 4th, 1928, in the presence of H.R.H. Prince
Leopold of Belgium, by His Eminence Cardinal van Roey, Archbishop of Malines, assisted by Belgian and American
Bishops and Dignitaries.

The building fronts a fine square that forms an ideal auditorium for Carillon concerts. A million contributions from
American citizens provided the cost of the building. Height of tower, 285 feet. Height of Carillon from ground,
230 feet.

C- 13

LLETT Er JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd )

CROYDON, ENGLAND

The University Library of Louvain ( continued )

Dr. EDWARD DEAN ADAMS
(Chairman of Engineering
Foundation)

service of their country and

HE proposal to present the Carillon to Louvain University
originated last summer with Dr. Edward Dean Adams, Honor'
ary Member of the Engineering Foundation, and formerly
President of the Cataract Construction Company which
planned and built the works for the Niagara Falls Power
Company.

Dr. Adams attended the celebration of the 500th Anniversary of the
University as the delegate of the Engineering Foundation and other
societies. While in Louvain he visited the beautiful new Library
buildings, of which Mr. Whitney Warren, of New York, is architect,
and Mr. Carroll Greenough, of Paris, associate architect, to replace the
ancient one which was burnt down at the beginning of the war. It
occurred to Dr. Adams that the fine tower would not seem complete to
the Belgians unless it possessed the two features they associate
with their belfrys — a Clock and a Carillon. It also occurred to
him that no memorial had yet been put up for the hundreds of
Engineers of the United States who had given their lives in the
its Associated Powers.

Combining these ideas, Dr. Adams suggested that members and friends of American Engineering
Societies should present the University of Louvain with a Clock and a Carillon in memory of their
members who fell in the War, and also as a token of international goodwill.

Dr. Adams' suggestion has been rea
has been subscribed by sixteen
different Engineering Societies.

In designing the Louvain Carillon
the Committee on War Memorial
to American Engineers has had
the advice of Mr. Frederick C.
Mayer, organist and choirmaster
of West Point Military Academy,
New York, who completed his
inspection of the bells at Croydon
in May, 1928.

Mr. Mayer, has heard most of the
leading Carillons of Europe and
practically all those in America
and Canada. He is satisfied that
the Louvain Carillon is the best
tuned, and has the finest musical
properties of any that he has heard.

lised in the Clock and Carillon now installed, the cost of which

GILLETT JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON • EN GLAND

2 ' >**T -

St. Jan's Cathedral s’Hertogenbosch, Holland.

In the tower now hangs a Carillon of 43 bells, the Bourdon bell (note D), 56 diameter, weighing
33 cwts. (3,696 lbs.). There are 39 new bells, three of Belgian make (19th century) and one
Hemony bell, dated 1664, with which the whole Carillon was tuned.

Second International Carillon Congress and Opening of the New Carillon at s’ Hertogenbosch, Jl ugust 14th. 1925
In the above group, with the Burgomaster, are many of the leading Carillonneurs of Belgium and Holland.

#J ^ ~ r ^ ^ - - — — — -

G -20

GILLETT & JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON ENGLAND

St. Joseph’s Church, Tilburg,
Holland

Turnhout

ST. JOSEPHS CHURCH, TILBURG,
HOLLAND

At Tilburg, a new Carillon of 35 bells, the
Bourdon bell (Note E), 49 diameter, weighing
22 cwts. (2,464 lbs.), was installed in 1925.

BARNEVELD

At Barneveld, a new Carillon of 24 bells, the
Bourdon bell (Note D), 29 diameter, weighing
5 cwts. (560 lbs.), was installed in 1927.

Barneveld

TURNHOUT

At Turnhout there is a Carillon of 41 bells, by
Van den Gheyn (18th century). One of the
smaller bells was cracked and had been re^cast
a number of times unsuccessfully. The firm
heard of this and re-cast the bell as a gift to the
town of Turnhout in 1924. The recast bell
now blends perfectly with the remainder of the
Carillon, which is one of the few instances of
an old Carillon, in which all the bells were
cast by the same founder.

Regal Cinema, Marble Arch,
London (Eng.)

Architect : Cli0ord A. Aish, F.S.I., L.R.I.B.A.

THE Carillon consists of 32 bells— the Bass Bell weighing 6 cwts., its note corresponding to
middle “C”, and rising chromatically through 2\ octaves to high “G.” The total weight
is approximately 2J tons.

The Regal Bells are hung in a steel frame in a specially constructed chamber to one side of the stage.
A complete self-contained power plant is provided. At the base of the bell frame is a set of

'OHNST

)N LTD

CROYDON • ENGLAND jatsjgjtf

Regal Cinema, Marble Arch — ( continued )

electro-pneumatic pistons — one to each bell —
connected directly through a tracker work of
cranks and rollers to the bell clappers. A remote
control gear is fitted for starting up the power
plant, and, by pressing a button and pulling out
the “ Carillon ” stop on the console, the organist
brings the bells into play. This entire system has
been evolved and patented by the bell founders.

In order to control the volume of sound from the
Carillon, the bell chamber is provided with a
specially designed set of “shutters” which may
be opened or closed to the desired extent by the
organist, who is thus able to produce “distance”
and “ swell ” effects at will.

This is the first time that proper bells — as apart
from tubular bells — have been attached to an organ
in any way and used in a Cinema.

Regal Bells

The Carillon is one of the smallest in the world for weight relative to the number of bells.

Q The entire installation, including the bells, steel framework, operating mechanism, and the clock mechanism,
Was manufactured at Croydon by Gillett & Johnston.

G1LLETT Er JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd

CROYDON, ENGLAND

JE27

Chimes

Fig. I. Clavier

“CHIME” consists of any number of bells less than 23, other
than a Ringing Peal. If there are 23 or more it is usual to
speak of the bells as a Carillon.

With eight bells, tuned as a single octave without any semi¬
tones, a considerable number of simple tunes can be played as well
as “ changes.”

The addition of two extra treble bells, making ten diatonic notes,
increases the number of tunes available, while a chime of 14 bells
(12 diatonic and two semitones) allows for a considerably extended
repertoire covering many of the best known hymns.

Operation is by one or more of the following methods:—

Clavier: Fig 1. This is either self-contained for placing on the
floor, or arranged without a stand for fastening to the wall. The
wooden hand levers are connected by wires, cranks and rollers to
clappers striking on the inside of the bell.

Drum : Fig. 2. The large barrel is pegged as
in a musical box, to play three or four simple
tunes. The pegs depress levers, which lift and
release hammers striking on the outside of the
bells. It is driven either by weights or an electric
motor.

Electro-Pneumatic Mechanism : Fig. 3. The
action is identical with that in use on our
Carillons ; inside clappers are used and the con¬
trol is by ivory keyboard for hand playing or by
a Paper Band Automatic Playing Machine.

Automatic Change Ringing Machine : Fig 4.
“ Changes,” that is a sequence of notes used when
the bells are swung by a trained band of Bell¬
ringers, can be played effectively by means of a
motor-driven machine of the drum type, operating
hammers striking on the outside of the bells. This
machine is usually started and stopped from a
convenient position on the ground floor.

Fig. 2. Weight ^Driven Tune Playing Machine

l£3

CH- 2

XlL

9E.

GILLETT Ifr JOHNSTON (The Croydon Bell Foundry Ltd.)

- - — CROYDON, ENGLAND |n-j

Chimes — f continued)

Fig. 3.

Chime of Eight Bells with Electro-pneumatic Operating Gear

Fig. 4. Chime of Ten Bells with Machine for Playing “ Changes ”

Some

Coventry Cathedral

Fourteen Bells with Hand and
Automatic Ploying Mechanism

)

Chimes

Examples of Our Latest Installations

ENGLAND

County and Place ]S|o.

Bells

Weight of

Date

Cornwall

Breage

Note

Largest
Cwts. qrs. lbs.

6 0 10

1928

Gunwalloe

1926

Devonshire

Kennerleigh

F£

1920

Lower Brixham, All Saints' ...

Dff

1928

Dorset

Stanbridge

1928

Talbot Village

1929

Durham

Beamish, St. Andrew's

1929

Horden, St. Mary's

1929

Essex

Gt. Warley

1923

Kent

Tunbridge Wells, St. Luke's ••

1919

Lancashire

Barton-on-lrwell • ••

1921

Clitheroe, St. James'

1923

Edenfield ...

1921

Little Lever

1920

London

Canonbury, St. Paul's

1920-26

Royal Exchange, London

1920

West Ham Central Mission

1925

Winchmore Hill, Holy Trinity

1919

Middlesex

Brentford, St. George’s

1913

Clay Hill, Enfield, St. John's

1927

Northants

Duddington

1920

Shropshire

Easthope •••

1921-29

Surrey

Addlestone

1924

Holmbury S. Mary

1927

CH-l

ENGLAND — ( continued )

County and Place

No. of
Bells

Note

Weight of Largest
cwts. qrs. lbs.

Date

Sussex

Copthorne

1919

Paddockhurst

1921

Warwickshire

Coventry Cathedral

1927

Smethwick

1924

Yorkshire

Selby

1927

Stannington

1924

Wentbridge

6 B

IRELAND

1913

Strabane

1920

Chime of 1 8 Belts in a '77ou>er on a
Country Estate.

SCOTLAND

County No. of

Weight

Date

and Place Bells

Largest

Note

cwts. qrs.

lbs.

Bellahouston 8 A

1924

Broughty Ferry 9 G£

1920

Dumfries 8 E

1924

Greenock Par. Ch. 9 E

191 !

Newburgh-on-Tay 8 A

1921

Sanquhar 10 Ai

1928

CANADA

Halifax, N.S. (St- John’s)

13 F

1920

Halifax, N.S. St. Mary's

Cathedral 1 1 F$

1920

Toronto(St.John’s) 10 Eb
Toronto (St. John’s)

1924

Kingston Road 8 A

1926

INDIA

Dehra Dun (St.

Thomas’) 6 FJf

1927

NEW ZEALAND

FendaltOn(St.Barnabas)8 D*f

1926

U.S.A.

Cleveland, Ohio 8 D
East Lansing (Michi¬

1927

gan State Coll.) 10 E

1929

East Orange, N.J. 14 E

1926

Fond du Lac.Wis. 8 A
Grosse Pointe, Detroit,

1927

Mich. 8 C?

1926

Peterborough. N. H. 1 0 FS

1923

Framework for a Chime of 8 hells for Michigan State College,
East Lansing, Mich., U.S.A.

GILLETT if JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON ENGLAND

jTT

AM' v~

jYl.SZX

Single Bells

"''HE illustrations shew four of the more usual methods of operation, covering almost all
requirements for Churches, Schools, and Fire Alarms. The bells which swing (Figs. I, 2
and 4) give a greater volume of sound than those hung “ dead ” (Fig. 3).

In Fig. I the method of ringing the bell is by means of a rope attached
to the wheel and passing over pulleys to the ringing room or to the floor
of the building. The headstock is of curved design in order to “ tuck ”
the bell properly and to reduce the leverage required for ringing, and
the wheel is built up of Oak, Ash, and Elm, to give the maximum strength
and lightness, and is bolted to the headstock and stayed with wrot iron
plates, the garter hole being specially designed to prevent chafing of the
rope. Ball bearings of an unusually substantial type are fitted, with self¬
aligning double races : they are dust-proof and grease-tight, and fitted
with Stauffer grease caps for lubrication, which is only required at long
intervals. The bell is shipped complete with wrot iron clapper of correct
dimensions, and suspension bolts, with the necessary insulating material
to prevent metallic contact between the bell metal and the bolts or
headstock ; rope of the best Italian hemp with soft woollen sally, and
pulleys. For export all bells arranged as in Fig. I are pivoted near the
centre to slow down the speed, reduce lateral thrust, and economise space.

Fig. 2 shews a smaller bell mounted on a forged steel headstock and
fitted with plain gunmetal bearings, lever, clapper, suspension bolts,
rope and pulleys. The fall of the rope may not always be perpendicular,
and by the addition of one or more pulleys it can be led down to any
required position.

Fig. 3 illustrates our improved method of striking a bell hung “ dead,”
the action being designed so as to make it impossible to fracture the
bell by continuing to pull on the rope after the clapper has made con¬
tact. This arrangement is used when the turret is either too small or
not strong enough to support a swinging bell, or if distinct sequences
of blows are required, as when the Angelus is sounded. Clapper,
suspension bolts, rope and pulleys are supplied, but no beam is included
unless specially ordered.

Fig. 2

.^3

R — 8

JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON ENGLAND

i-A *:

Fig. 4. When no turret is available a bell weighing up to about 2 cwts. (224 lbs.) and measuring
21" diameter can be swung in the forged steel framework shewn, which is secured to the side
of a building. If required, the bell can be operated from inside by carrying the headstock through
the wall.

Fig. 3

The forged steel head-
stock is pivoted in gunmetal
bushes and the bell is
supplied complete and
ready for fixing in place
with the frame, lever, rope,
pulleys and wall bolts of
normal length. The thick¬
ness of the wall should be
given when ordering.

List of Prices

Weight and Cubic Measurement

Note

Dia.

Weight
Cwt. qrs.

lbs.

Lbs.

Price F.O.R.
Croydon

Price F.O.B.
London Docks

Cwt.

for

qrs.

Calculating Freight
lbs. Lbs.

Cu. ft.

Fig. 1

29"

560

£101

£106

980

> »

3 3.1"

812

£124

£129

1 1

1316

t y

42"

1624

£21 1

£217

2212

Fig. 2

1 6.1"

1 19

£23

£25

196

y y

21"

224

£36

£38

336

y y

24"

343

£48

£51

448

1 1

Fig. 3

161"

1 19

£22

£24

168

y »

21"

224

£34

£36

280

> y

24"

343

£46

£49

420

Fig. 4

13"

£20

£22

224

cs
■> j

» »

1 6i"

1 19

£28

£3 1

392

9 1
' 2

t *

Gif

21"

224

£43

£46

616

1 81

,r hi

3ILLETT if JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON ENGLAND

Hr-

10.

I I.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Some Specimen Bell Inscriptions

They shall give thanks unto Thy Name :
which is Great, Wonderful, and Holy.

O ye spirits and souls of the righteous,
bless ye the Lord : praise Him and
magnify Him for ever.

16. Lift up your heads, O ye gates, and be ye

lift up, ye everlasting doors : and the
King of Glory shall come in.

17. Serve the Lord in fear : and rejoice unto

Him with reverence.

Sunday observe. Think when the bells do
chime.

Tis Angels’ music : therefore come not late.

Such wondrous power to music’s given,

It elevates the soul to heaven.

May the Spirit of the Lord reach the heart
of every one where the sound of these
bells is heard.

Lord, may these bells for ever be

A tuneful voice o’er land and sea

To call Thy people unto Thee.

Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth
to minister for them who shall be heirs
of salvation.

Blessed be His glorious Name for ever :
and let the whole earth be filled with
His glory, Amen and Amen.

I 8. Ring out the old, ring in the new ;

Ring out the false, ring in the true.

19. God’s in His heaven : all’s right with the

world.

20. Placed here on high we serve the town
Beneath the crown, beneath the sky.

21. Differing in size and note and weight,

Yet small or great we harmonise.

22. To everything there is a season : and a

time to every purpose under heaven.

23. Every day sincerely pray.

24. Music is medicine for the mind.

25. Glory to God in the highest, and on earth

peace to men and good will.

Sing to the Lord, for He hath triumphed
gloriously.

O praise God in His holiness : praise Him
in the firmament of His power.

All Thy works praise Thee, O Lord : and
Thy saints give thanks unto Thee.

O give thanks unto the God of heaven :
for His mercy endureth for ever.

Shew yourselves joyful unto the Lord : sing,
rejoice and give thanks.

So teach us to number our days : that we
may apply our hearts unto wisdom.

Sing we merrily unto God our strength.

26. Venite Adoremus.

+ M; WIHELMVS 10K! KCU!

1 *«0 FECIT IN HONORS $U
r. CVE .P. ENO V A B AR. SWA I
PER. A Be ANNO Dofc'®

MR. I* C-.V- C.?.S.V,K.W

G— 8

ILLETT fcr JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON • ENGLAND

^ j ^ jV .XJ J J.' -•

27. I mean to make it understood, that though

I’m little yet I’m good.

28. The law temporal : the Gospel eternal.

29. At proper times our voices we will raise
In sounding to our benefactor’s praise.

30. Whilst thus we join in cheerful sound,

May love and loyalty abound.

3 1. O sing praises, sing praises unto our God.

32. Keep thy tongue from evil : and thy lips

that they speak no guile.

33. God be merciful unto us and bless us.

34. Whoso dwelleth under the defence of the

most High : shall abide under the
shadow of the Almighty.

35. The Lord preserveth the souls of His saints.

36. May God bless all
Whom we do call.

37. For the honour of God,

And the use of this church,

These bells were raised.

38. Keep peace and good neighbourhood.

39. I toll the funeral knell,

I ring the festal day,

I mark the fleeting hours,

And chime the church to pray.

40. To all Christ’s flock I loud do sing.

41. Let everything that hath breath : praise the

Lord.

42. Time how short : Eternity how long.

43. Hark how I call. Prepare your heart and

come

To the House of God, and Kingdom of His
Son.

44. Our voices shall with joyful sound,

Make hills and valleys echo around.

45. Prepare ye the way of the Lord.

46. Draw near to God and He will draw near

to you.

47. He and he only aims aright,

Who joins industry with delight.

48. Death is swallowed up in victory.

49. Here let us pause and each with one accord
Salute the church triumphant in the Lord.

50. May peace and plenty smile on our fair

shore

And war’s dire tumult cease for evermore.

51. O Lamb of God, that takest away the sins

of the world, have mercy upon us.

52. In sweetest sounds let each its note reveal ;
Mine shall be first to lead the dulcet peal.

53. I sweetly tolling men do call

To taste of meats which feed the soul.

54. Our sounding is each man to call

To serve the Lord, both great and small.

55. The hills and vales and towns all round
Shall echo with a pleasant sound.

56. To church, the House of God, come all, I cry
To praise His Name to all eternity.

57. Let thine eyes be open and let thine ears be

attentive unto the prayer that is made
in this place.

58. This is none other but the House of God

and this is the gate of Heaven.

59. Sancta Maria, ora pro nobis.

60. Ave Pater Rex Creator,

Ave Fili Lux Salvator,

Ave Sancti Trinitas.

GILLETT VT JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON • ENGLAND

Memorial Tower , Buenos Ayres

Tower Clocks

INCE 1844 more than 13,000 Tower
Clocks, with or without bells, have
been made at the Croydon Factory, in
addition to many thousands of smaller
clocks.

They are supplied to the Admiralty, War
Office, Crown Agents for the Colonies, India
Office, etc., and are at work in Government
Buildings, Railway Termini, Memorial Towers,
City Halls, Dock Yards, Harbours, Cathedrals
and Churches in practically every part of the
world.

They are operated by weights or by electric
motors and are made in a complete range of
standard types and sizes, including non-striking,
hour^striking, full quarter chiming, ships bells,
Angelus, etc. They drive the hands of dials
measuring from two feet diameter to fifty feet
diameter or more, and strike on bells weighing
up to twenty tons.

The materials used are of the highest quality ;
with our own foundries this can be absolutely
guaranteed. All clocks are thoroughly tested
under actual working conditions for some time
before being put into stock or packed for
delivery: they are guaranteed to leave the
Works in perfect going order.

We are the only firm in the world who
manufacture both Tower Clocks and Bells
and are thus in the unique position of being
able to accept undivided responsibility for a
contract for the complete equipment of a
Tower.

GILLETT JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON • ENGLAND

Tower Clocks

Among the most important of these are the
following :

St. James’s Palace, London
Windsor Castle

Royal Courts of Justice, London

Ottawa Parliament Buildings (destroyed by fire)

Ottawa Parliament Buildings, New Victory Tower

Toronto City Hall

Montreal Harbour Memorial Tower

Manchester Town Hall

Bradford Town Hall

Lancaster Town Hall

Chorley Town Hall

Lambeth Town Hall

Cardiff Town Hall

Birmingham Art Gallery

Madras Town Hall

Rangoon Municipal Buildings

Calcutta Market Tower

Lagos Town Hall

Launceston (Tas.) Post Office

Bombay Harbour

Royal Courts of Justice, Pekin

Royal Exchange, London

Buenos Ayres Memorial Tower

Owen Sound (Ont.) Town Hall

St. Paul's Cathedral, London (Ont.)

Amherst (N.S.) Post Office
Montreal, St. George's Church
Reading University
Zanzibar

Simcoe (Ont,), Norfolk Soldiers’ Memorial
Quelph (Ont.), St. George’s Church
Zomba, Nyasaland
Kuala Lumpur Town Hall, (F. M.S. )

Mar del Plata Railway Station

Pietermaritzburg Town Hall

Johannesburg Post Office

Sydney Post Office

Pernambuco, Tacaruna Cotton Mills

Antofagasta, Argentina

Bath Abbey

Singapore Memorial Tower
Funchal Cathedral
Sourabaya (Java)

Port Elizabeth (S.A.) Post Office
Penang Memorial Tower
Seychelles Memorial Tower
Gibraltar Barracks
Penang Railway Station
Maradana Railway Station (Ceylon)

Eaton Hall. Westminster
British Honduras (Crown Agents)

Toronto City Hall

Dials, 20 feel diameter ; Hour Bell, 6\ Ions

^£3

' — h

G1LLETT IfT JOHNSTON LTD ♦ CROYDON ENGLAND

(O. _ tUl^S

W,:

Tower Clocks

(Weight Driven)

N experience extending over 90 years, has enabled us to bring
each detail of the mechanism of our Tower Clocks to a re¬
markable degree of perfection.

It is essential that, in view of the large number of clocks shipped to every
part of the world, the utmost simplicity and freedom from wear and tear
and break-down should be attained. We ensure this by the use of the
most suitable material, by designs perfected by experience, and last, but
not least, by the best workmanship possible.

The most accurate
time-keeping is ob¬
tained by the use of
Lord Grimthorpe’s
“Double Three-Legged Gravity” escapement,
in conjunction with a pendulum compensated
to counteract the effect of changes of temperature.
With this escapement the pendulum receives a
constant impulse, unaffected by wind pressure,
snow, etc., on the hands, and in practice it is

Fig. 3. No. 3 Westminster Quarter

Fig. 2. No. 2 Westminster Quarter

found to keep time to within three seconds a
week.

The “ Dead Beat ” escapement that we have
adopted as standard for the past twenty years
is of the pin wheel type which keeps as accurate
time as the “Graham” escapement, but which is
much more durable and better suited to tower
clock work. The “scape” wheel is of gunmetal
of light section and the pins of hard phosphor

Fig. 1. No. 1 Timepiece

TC — 6

4 h

IU-

H V

JOHNSTON LTD - CROYDON • ENGLAND fetM

lift

Tower Clocks, Weight Driven — ( continued )

bronze secured with dove-tail riveting ; a simple
and efficient safety attachment on the “ crutch ”
effectually protects the escapement from any
possibility of injury.

The pendulum spring fittings are of gunmetal
so as to avoid the rusting effect of steel against
the spring.

Clocks with “Gravity” escapements have com¬
pensated pendulums of “ Invar” or similar steel ;
those with “ Dead Beat” escapements have wood
rods of straight-grained pine, or of teak for India.

The pendulums of the smaller clocks beat one
second, those of medium sized clocks, one-and-a
quarter seconds and those of the largest clocks two seconds in each direction.

For convenience in handling, the weights are supplied in slotted sections weighing about 5 6 lbs. each and
these are hung in the corner of the tower on steel cables of high tensile strength.

All Tower Clocks are of standardised design ; the component parts are manufactured on modern precision
machines and are assembled and tested by skilled tower clock makers of long experience. Each clock is
thoroughly tested under working conditions before despatch.

Fig. 4. No. 6 Striking

Fig. 5. No. 6 Westminster Quarter

Electrically Operated Tower Clocks

HILE the weight'driven tower clock remains the most simple of all, it is frequently difficult,
if not impossible, to find a position for the long weight shaft; the cost of labour, also to wind
weights of over half a ton to the top of the tower every two or three days is great.

A standard line of electrically operated tower clocks has therefore been evolved during the
past fifteen years, and examples of these are at work in all parts of the world.

In most cases small electric motors from J h.p. upwards are used, automatically winding a small
weight for the "Going Train" and operating the striking and quarter hammers through worm
reducing gearing.

In the case of the "Going Train" in the smaller sizes, the weight of 20 lbs. is raised through a
space of 9 inches every hour, and should the current fail the clock does not stop for 3 to 4 hours,
rewinding itself as soon as the current is again available if within this time. A longer margin can
always be given allowing the 20 lb. weight to pass through the floor. On the largest clocks a run
of 24 hours after the current has failed is allowed for.

The standard pendulum, escapement and upper train of the old and well tried weight'driven clock
is retained providing in a very safe and simple way the advantages of both types of clock.

The striking and quarter mechanisms are always separate units in our electrical tower clocks, so that
they can each be placed to the best advantage in the tower, often reducing the number of con-
necting cranks and rollers and making a more simple and efficient layout possible. The motors only
function during the actual striking and chiming.

All the switch work has been designed
specially for its purpose; it is efficient and
very easy to understand and keep in order.

The clock illustrated, is fitted with three inter^
changeable 5- h.p. motors; it will operate dials
up to 7 feet diameter and the hammers of bells
weighing up to I ton.

The larger clock illustrated on the next page
is capable of driving the hands of 20 ft. dials
and striking on a 15'ton bell.

These clocks are made throughout by us at
Croydon, and are thoroughly tested under
working conditions before despatch.

Westminster Quarter Clock

TC--3

GILLETT & JOHNSTON LTD - CROYDON • ENGLAND

Ottawa Parliament Buildings, Canada.

Electric Chiming Clock.

Driving four 1 5 -ft. 9-ins. dials, striking the hours on a bell weighing 10 tons (22,400 lbs.) and chiming
the Westminster Quarters on four of the smaller bells in the Carillon.

Qoing Train

"Hipp” type of electrical clock: con¬
trolled from a master clock. This
portion of the Tower Clock Mechanism
drives the hands of the four 1 5 - ft. 9-ins.
diameter Clock Faces, the connecting rod
for the Dial-work leading upwards from
the Worm Wheel on the right-hand side.
It is placed in the centre of the Observation
Room on the level of the lower edge of
the Clock Faces.

Striking Train

belfry and are directly connected with
hammers which strike on the outside of
the bells. The motors are only in action
while the blows are being struck, the
Count-Wheel mechanism switching off
the current automatically at the last stroke.

The Machinery for striking the hours and
for chiming the Westminster Quarters consists
of very powerful motor-driven worm gearing
released exactly at the right moment by the
" Going Train.” These gears are placed below
the heavier bells in the lower portion of the

Quarter Train

GILLETT iff9 JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON • ENGLAND

Tower Clocks (Weight Driven)

EXPORT PRICES

No. “O ” Timepiece Movement.

To enable clients overseas to arrive at an accurate
estimate of the probable cost of a Tower Clock Installa-
tion in advance of obtaining our detailed tender
and specification, we give on the next page a selection
of prices covering clocks with opal dials suitable for
the more usual sizes of towers.

These prices are based on the tower being of norma!
proportions and presenting no undue difficulty as to
locating the mechanism; they are also subject to altera-
tion without notice.

With each clock, other than non-striking, we give
suggested weights of bells, chosen in proportion to the
diameter of the dials.

The prices for Non-Striking Clocks cover the clock movement,
complete with its weights, pulleys, dials, motion work, bevel
wheels, connecting rods and joints, all packed for export and
delivered f.o.b. London Docks.

The prices for Hour Striking or Quarter Clocks include, in addition,
the bell or bells, with suspension bolts and plates, clock hammers
and cranks, and wire connections.

Tower Clocks which strike the hours should not strike a blow
at the half -hour, as this causes confusion at 12.30, 1.0 and 1.30;
also an increased length of fall is required for the weights,
while the mechanism is weakened by providing for the extra blows.

The cost of Electrically Operated Tower Clocks is slightly higher
than that of weight-driven clocks, and quotations can only be
given when particulars of the electric current available and details
of the tower are supplied.

Weights, Pulleys, and Steel Lines.

TC-10

GILLETT isr JOHNSTON L TP - CROYDON ENGLAND

Tower Clocks (Weight Driven)

Price List of Clocks Packed for Export and Delivered f.o.b. London Docks

Timepiece (Non-Striking)

Size of Dial

Clock (Diameter)

T otal Price

Additional Dials
(each)

2' 0"

£64

£12

3' 0"

£84

£16

4' 0"

£91

£23

5' 0"

£100

£31

6' 0"

£128

£44

T 0"

£192

£47

8' 0"

£201

£56

10' 0"

£228

£83

Striking (Hours only)

Size of
Clock

Dial

(Diameter)

Weight

Bell

Note

Dia.

Total Price

Additional Dials
(each)

cwts

qrs.

lbs.

Cj?

16|"

£124

£12

21"

£142

£16

24"

£158

£23

29"

£185

£31

Ajf

35"

£254

£44

374"

£375

£47

40"

£406

£56

10'

47"

£531

£83

Ting Tang Quarters

Size of

Dial

Hour Bell

Bell

Total Weight

T otal

Price

Additional Dials

Clock

(Diameter)

Weight

Note

Dia.

of 3 bells

(each)

cwts.

qrs.

lbs.

cwts.

qrs.

lbs.

17"

£204

£12

22"

£228

£16

25 r

£256

£23

29"

£288

£31

334"

£380

£44

374"

£543

£47

42"

£610

£56

10'

47"

£751

£83

Westminster Quarters

Size of

Dial

Hour Bell

Bell

Total Weight

Total

Price

Additional Dials

Clock

(Diameter)

Weight

Note

Dia.

of 5 Bells

(each)

cwts.

qrs.

lbs.

cwts

qrs.

lbs.

£271

20"

£12

0”

22"

£287

£16

254"

£315

£23

0’

29"

£361

£31

334"

£459

£44

374"

£631

£47

42"

£712

£56

10'

47"

£872

£83

Projecting Clocks

Fig A

Projecting Clock should be designed by the Architect of
the building, and in harmony with the character of the
structure.

The diameter of the dials should be about one-tenth
the elevation at which they are placed ; they should preferably
be two in number and the ornamental case or drum should
not be too wide as measured from dial to dial, so as to
secure the most pleasing proportions.

The materials must be of the best possible quality to
minimise the cost of repairs in the future, and the design
and construction such as to ensure the safety of the public.

Architectural forms of projecting clocks, of which Figs. A and
B are representative, are usually made of teak or oak supported
on steel girders hidden by the lower mouldings of the case.
Occasionally bronze castings are used, as in Figs. C and E ; this
construction is the most durable of all. In Fig. D the ornamental
brackets are of acetylene^welded wrought iron and the body is of
galvanised iron or copper, built up on steel angle framework
with zinc mouldings.

Fig. B

In Fig. F — an effective and durable type adopted as standard
by the Western Telegraph Co., for their offices in South
America — the brackets are of cast iron and the circular drum of
stout galvanised sheet iron or copper.

We operate these clocks either by weight^driven or electric
movements. They are not arranged for striking or chiming.

In the case of weight'driven clocks the movement is usually
fixed immediately behind the projecting clock but inside the

Fig. C

Projecting Clocks— ( continued)

building. Space must be arranged for this movement in its
protecting wooden case, and also a shaft must be left through
the floors for the clock weights.

With electric clocks the hands of each dial are fitted with
a small self-contained step by step movement, and a master clock
operates these from any convenient position in the building.

The dials are of pure white opal glass and are, if required.
Fig. D illuminated from within It is essential that the candle-power

of the lamps should be ample, otherwise the effect at night
is unsatisfactory. Two dials 3 0!l diameter require four 60-watt
gas-filled lamps placed between them. We provide these lamps
and the necessary wiring and fixtures when required, the
clock being assembled and the lighting tested in our factory
before despatch.

Decoration for painted work is in dark sage green, with relief
in gold ; teak or oak is usually left in oil finish, although
sometimes, as in Fig. A, covered with English Gold Leaf.

For advertising clocks the wording for metal cases is in
white opal glass, illuminated from within (Fig. D), and
for teak or oak cases in cast bronze applied letters, as
shown on the teak supporting beam in Fig. E.

For shipment abroad we pack and deliver F.o.b. London
Docks, but for erection in England we are prepared to
send our own skilled men, builders' work, with ladders and
scaffolding being preferably the subject of a separate local

Fig. F

contract.

G1LLETT JOHNSTON LTD ♦ CROY DON ~EN GLAND r

The Great Clock for Riverside Church,

N.Y. City, U.S.A.

OR our Carillon of 72 bells, cast for the Riverside Church, New York, we have made the
most powerful tower clock in the world.

Owing to the unusual size and weight of the bells, most of the mechanism had to be
specially designed— the heaviest bell weighs over I 8 tons, and the hour hammer striking on
this bell weighs 1,008 lbs.

The timepiece (Fig. I) is driven by a comparatively small lead weight which is wound up automatically
through an endless chain approximately every hour, by an electric motor. The current for this motor
is switched on and off at the required intervals by means of a vertical cam bar which rises and falls
with the driving weight through a set distance.

Fitted to the timepiece is a specially designed mercury switch so arranged as to release the motor-
driven quarter chiming gear (Fig. 2) and hour striking gear (Fig. 3). Both these gears are fitted with
a very powerful driving mechanism in order to control the unusually heavy hammers which are
necessary to bring out the full tone of the bells, and the equipment throughout is of exceptionally
large calibre.

Fig. 1. Controlling Timepiece

Fig. 2. Quarter Chiming Gear

TC-2

OHNSTOI

* CROYDON ENGLAND

The cam barrel of the chiming gear,
which is 5ft. in diameter, is so planned
as to allow the composition of the
chimes to be altered from time to time.
Fig. 4 shows the Bourdon Bell with the
hour hammer and striking gear fitted
in position on the bell-frame and on
test, under working conditions, in our
Factory. The gear consists of a large
motor-driven cam which lifts the heavy
hammer by depressing a lever and is
so designed as to permit of the power
of the blow being regulated to suit conditions in the tower. To avoid all possibility of the hammer head lying
on the bell, and so deadening the tone, it is provided with three very powerful compression springs, which
ensure an instantaneous rebound.

Fig. 4. Hour Striking Gear, Hammer, and Bell

GILLETT isf JOHNSTON L

TD .

CROYDON ■ ENGLAND

) /v

■U

Tower Clocks

Arrangement of Dials, Bells and
Mechanism in the Tower

DIALS. These should be in proportion both to the
height and width of the tower ; a diameter equal to
one tenth of the elevation is suitable when the tower is
narrow, as in the illustration, but for a wider tower the
diameter should be increased, the relative area of the
clock face to that of the wall of the tower being, in
this case, of more importance than the actual elevation.
A clock face looks much smaller than expected when it
is in place.

Opal Dials are used for illumination. They are let
into a circular opening in the wall from to \ " larger
than the nominal size of the dial. Illumination from
outside the dial is not effective.

Copper Dials are screwed or spiked to the plain
surface of the wall which, if existing, is drilled through
at the dial centre with a hole about 2" to 3" diameter
but which if new, should be prepared with an opening
about I 2" square to provide access for oiling the spindles
and tubes close up against their gunmetal support in the
dial centre.

Skeleton Dials are usually fixed about 4" to 6" away
from the wall so that they are not drawn up against
any inequality of the surface. The hands are supported
on the dial framework or in a gunmetal block let into
the face of the wall at the dial centre.

BELLS. These are preferably arranged above the
dials, with a weatherproof floor to the belfry. The
hours are struck on a single bell and the quarters
are chimed on two (Ting Tang), four (Westminster

CAT (\

GILLETT

JOHNSTON LTD * CROYDON ENGLAND

OPAL. DIAL. - -

Arrangement of Tower Clocks — ( continued )

Quarter) eight, or ten ex¬
tra bells. The openings
in the belfry can be fitted
with louvres if desired,
but neither the bells nor
the hammers and con¬
nections need any such
protection and the sound
escapes more freely
through unrestricted
openings.

The bells and hammer-
work are supported on
timber or steel beams
supplied locally, or in a
self-contained steel frame
with all hammers and
connections fitted and
adjusted in our factory.

MOVEMENT. If this is placed in the dial chamber, headroom should be allowed between the floor
and the connecting rods at the dial centres. It can be placed against the wall or in the centre of the
room and can also operate from a lower level if desired.

For clocks with dials up to about 1 0 ft. diameter, the IJ seconds pendulum need not passthrough the
floor. The two seconds pendulum of a larger clock swings into the room below, from which it is
regulated.

The most convenient position for the weights is usually in a corner of the tower. A Non-Striking
Clock requires one set of weights, an Hour Striking Clock two sets and a Quarter Chiming Clock three
sets of weights.

To prevent the steel wire cables being affected by the weather the weights should be suspended at a
point immediately below the belfry floor and provision should be made for the fall to be as long as is
possible, as with a short drop the strain, and consequently the wear and tear on the mechanism is much
greater. Provision must be made to catch the weights at the bottom of the weight shaft should they fall,
the best arrangement being a continuation of the weight-shaft below the ground floor level, which has the
additional advantage of preventing them from spreading when they are checked at the bottom. It should
also be made impossible for people to stand under the suspended weights— preferably by fixing a match¬
board casing.

GENERAL. If possible, traps should be prepared in all floors for hoisting the clock mechanism and
bells through the centre of the tower.

Tower Clocks

OPAL DIAL. This consists of a cast iron frame work glazed with pure white opal glass. It is the
most distinct dial made and looks well on any modern tower, being almost invariably used for Public
Buildings, as it can be brilliantly illuminated at night by incandescent gas or electric light inside the
building.

The hands, figures and minutes are finished in hard black enamel and the circles are gilded with
best English gold leaf.

TC-7

Tower Clocks

SKELETON IRON DIAL. This dial, which is cast in iron from the same pattern as the opal dial, but
unglazed, is used when placed in front of louvres, openings, or ornamental masonry. It shows the time
distinctly but does not spoil the architectural effect of the Tower, the lines of the building appearing
through it.

The hands, figures and minutes are gilded with best English gold leaf and the circles finished in hard
black enamel.

105

GILLETT isf JOHNSTON LTD • CROYDON ENGLAND

Tower Clocks

COPPER DIAL. This is made from a single sheet of thick copper, dished concave and stiffened round
the edge with a semi-circular beading. It is especially suited to Church Towers where there is a
sufficiently large flat surface on the wall, but it should not be used in front of louvres or ornamental
masonry.

The hands, figures and minutes are gilded with best English gold leaf, and the ground work finished in
hard black enamel.

TC— 8

T if JOHNSTON I

~ ■ ■ ■ 3 %

CROYDON ENGLAND

Tower Clocks

HANDS. These are usually of hard sheet copper
stiffened by a deep bead down the centre and pinned
and soldered to a gunmetal back plate with a squared
hole through the boss to secure the hand to the minute
and hour arbors.

External counterpoises, which are unsightly, are avoided.
The balance weights are fixed inside the Tower and far
enough back to avoid casting shadows on an illuminated
dial.

The shape of the hands has been arrived at by experience ;
they are of pleasing proportions and can be seen well
from a distance.

Hands of special design can be made at an extra cost if
required, but it must be remembered that an ornamental
hand does not show the time so clearly and effectively
as the simple and well balanced type that we have
adopted as our standard.

MOTION WORK. The Motion Work, or gearing, on which the hands are fixed and which gives the
relative speed of I 2 to I between the hour and the minute hands, is fitted with gunmetal wheels ; the
tubes on the smaller sizes up to 5 ft. dials are of brass and above this size of steel. On the largest
dials, they are of phosphor bronze, with both minute arbor and hour tube working on ball bearings
totally protected from dust and water. The motion work is secured to timber or metal supports
spanning the circular dial opening in the case of an illuminated dial, or direct to the wall on the inside
of the building when there is no circular opening for the dial. The weight of the hands is taken by a
gunmetal bush in the centre of the dial.

BEVEL WHEELS. These are of gunmetal, of large diameter
to reduce backlash while still giving ample freedom, and are
arranged so as to transmit the motion of the clock movement
to the hands in any direction through the steel connecting
rods, which are fitted with joints allowing for expansion and
contraction.

If the length of any vertical connecting rod becomes excessive
the weight is taken on ball thrust washers.

Tower Clocks

Montreal Harbour Memorial Tower

Quebec, Canada
1922

The Clock, which gives the time to the Shipping in the Port of Montreal and on the St. Lawrence river,
has four illuminated faces I 2'— 0" diameter ; the hands are operated by a very powerful weight-driven
movement, fitted with an electric motor to give automatic winding every three hours, with a margin of
twenty-four hours for safety should the local current fail. In this case an electric bell rings in the
caretaker’s office, and the clock is wound by hand daily until the local current is again available.

TC — 9

GILLETT L r JOHNSTON LTD - CROYDON • ENGLAND

TT.

Tower Clocks

Westmount Town Hall

Quebec, Canada
1922

The Clock has a Gunmetal Illuminated Dial 6' — 0" diameter. The weight driven movement has
a large margin of power in reserve to overcome the resistance of driving the hands under the severe
climatic conditions experienced in winter, while the accurately compensated pendulum ensures correct
time-keeping irrespective of the extreme variations in temperature.

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